Dalle reti fondamentali di livello 1 come Bitcoin ed Ethereum alle soluzioni innovative di livello 2 che migliorano la scalabilità e riducono le tariffe del gas, questo articolo tratta dei migliori protocolli blockchain da conoscere nel 2024. Scoprite come i contratti intelligenti e gli algoritmi di consenso stanno creando modi più sicuri ed efficienti per effettuare transazioni. Inoltre, scopri le monete e i token nativi che alimentano questi protocolli crittografici nella corsa dei rialzisti e oltre.
Methodology
BeInCrypto’s product team tested and used a variety of crypto platforms over a period of six months, in order order to narrow down a number of recommendations. Here’s why we have highlighted each as good options to purchase the native cryptos of leading blockchain protocols.
Coinbase stands out for its user-friendly interface and robust security measures, making it ideal for both beginners and experienced traders.
Wirex offers the unique feature of a crypto debit card, allowing for the easy conversion of crypto to fiat currencies for everyday use.
YouHodler is recognized for its high-interest crypto savings accounts and the option to use crypto as collateral for loans, providing flexibility in managing crypto assets.
Overall, BeInCrypto selected Coinbase, Wirex, and YouHodler as the optimal platforms for purchasing native cryptocurrencies from prominent blockchain protocols through a comprehensive methodology focusing on several key factors. Firstly, each platform was assessed for its reputation and reliability within the cryptocurrency ecosystem, ensuring a secure and trustworthy environment for users.
Secondly, the availability and variety of native cryptocurrencies offered on these platforms were thoroughly evaluated to ensure a diverse selection that covers leading blockchain protocols, providing users with ample options for investment and diversification.
Additionally, BeInCrypto considered the user experience and interface of each platform, prioritizing intuitive design and ease of use to facilitate seamless transactions for both novice and experienced users.
Moreover, factors such as transaction fees, deposit and withdrawal options, as well as customer support services were scrutinized to ensure cost-effectiveness and responsive assistance, enhancing the overall user experience.
By meticulously analyzing these criteria, BeInCrypto determined that Coinbase, Wirex, and YouHodler emerged as the top choices for individuals seeking to acquire native cryptocurrencies from leading blockchain protocols, offering a blend of reliability, accessibility, and functionality essential for optimal investment strategies in the digital asset space.
To learn more about BeInCrypto’s methodology, click here.
I 9 principali protocolli crittografici in 2024
1. Bitcoin
Widely recognized as the leader in the crypto space, Bitcoin is more than just a digital currency — it’s a decentralized system for secure, peer-to-peer financial exchanges. Bitcoin operates independently of centralized financial authorities, giving the network a level of security that challenges traditional financial systems. The blockchain relies on a community-driven, computational process known as proof-of-work to verify transactions and maintain its integrity.
With a decentralized approach and a secure environment, this crypto protocol is offering an alternative to the traditional financial system. It ensures that payments are irreversible and guards against the risk of double spending, all without the need for trusted third parties like banks. This revolutionary approach has positioned Bitcoin at the forefront of the crypto movement.
Users looking to invest in Bitcoin can do so either by purchasing BTC directly or gaining exposure to the asset via now-approved spot Bitcoin ETFs.
The Ethereum blockchain is widely recognized for its innovation. The community-driven, open-source platform has operated on a proof-of-stake (PoS) consensus mechanism since September 2022. This has significantly reduced its energy consumption by over 99% compared to the older proof-of-work model.
Within Ethereum, decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) can create smart contracts. The aim of DAOs is to create profitable ventures or contribute value to the Ethereum community while ensuring that all members have a say in decision-making. These organizations operate based on their own set of rules, including methods for making decisions, economic strategies, and systems for distributing rewards.
Thanks to smart contracts, the network supports NFTs as well as countless applications, with notable examples being MetaMask, a digital wallet, and Brave Browser, which is emerging as a strong competitor to Google Chrome. Users looking to invest in the Ethereum network can purchase the native crypto, Ether.
3. Cardano
Cardano is a blockchain platform built to run secure and eco-friendly decentralized apps and smart contracts. It operates on a proof-of-stake system called Ouroboros, where users help maintain the network by staking their tokens.
A standout feature of Cardano is its commitment to sustainability. The chain aims for low energy use and minimal environmental impact. Moreover, its flexible structure means it can adapt and evolve, ensuring it remains relevant and effective for future decentralized applications. Users looking to invest in Cardano can buy its native coin, ADA.
Polkadot is a diverse and multi-faceted blockchain protocol that acts as a base for a network of interconnected blockchains.
Conceptualized in 2016 and launched in 2020, Polkadot enables different blockchains, whether private or public, to communicate and transfer data and assets through its central Relay Chain and various parachains. These parachains can tailor their features for specific purposes and issue their own tokens while enjoying the advantages of Polkadot’s overarching security and interoperability.
The platform’s native currency, DOT, plays a crucial role in managing and operating this interconnected ecosystem. Polkadot stands out for its scalability, flexibility, ease of developing decentralized applications, and collective security, positioning it as a leading technology in the blockchain space. Users looking to invest in Polkadot can purchase the native DOT crypto.
Solana is an open-source blockchain that facilitates scalable decentralized projects.
Since its inception in 2020, Solana has introduced a number of advancements, including it’s proof-of-history consensus mechanism, Tower BFT, Turbine, and Gulf Stream, enabling it to process up to 65,000 transactions per second and achieve block times of just 400 milliseconds.
The network’s native crypto, SOL, is essential for its operational functions and staking processes. Emphasizing scalability and fast transaction sequencing, Solana is one of the leading and most promising new-generation layer-1 blockchain protocols. In early 2024, the network is playing host to a meme coin frenzy, with Solana meme coins defining the early bull run.
Chainlink is a blockchain-based decentralized oracle network designed to facilitate the secure interaction of smart contracts with external data sources, real-world events, and payment systems.
Since its launch in 2019, Chainlink has bridged the gap between on-chain smart contracts and necessary off-chain information, enabling these contracts to be executed based on real-world data and events. It relies on a worldwide network of decentralized node operators, who use the native LINK crypto to ensure the reliability of the external data fed into blockchains.
Through the cryptographic verification of data and processes, Chainlink ensures that the information connecting blockchains to external systems is secure and trustworthy. Its critical role in linking blockchain with external data has made it an essential piece of infrastructure for various sectors, including decentralized finance (DeFi), insurance, gaming, and more. Users looking for exposure to Chainlink can invest in the native LINK.
Polygon, initially known as Matic Network, is a versatile platform that aims to evolve the architecture of interconnected blockchain networks. It specifically looks to overcome certain challenges faced by Ethereum, such as limited transaction capacity, subpar user experience due to slow and costly transactions, and inadequate community governance.
A standout feature of Polygon is its implementation of layer-2 sidechains — these are auxiliary blockchains operating parallel to the main Ethereum chain. This approach significantly enhances scalability, enabling faster and more affordable transactions. Moreover, Polygon employs a modified proof-of-stake (PoS) consensus mechanism, which contributes to its rapid transaction processing and reduced costs.
The importance of Polygon lies in its ability to improve the scalability and user-friendliness of Ethereum, making it a more practical option for both developers and users. It has become home to many DApps seeking efficient, cost-effective solutions. Users looking to invest in Polygon can look to the native MATIC.
The Ripple blockchain is specifically tailored for digital payment systems, with a core focus on facilitating swift and cost-effective international transactions.
Unlike traditional blockchain systems that rely on proof-of-work (PoW) or proof-of-stake (PoS), Ripple operates on a distinct consensus protocol. This unique mechanism is celebrated for its rapid transaction speeds and minimal fees, and notably, it eliminates the need for mining, significantly reducing energy consumption.
Ripple’s significance lies in its strategic emphasis on integrating with banks and financial institutions. Its primary objective is to enhance efficiency and reduce the complexities associated with cross-border payments, positioning Ripple as a pivotal player in the modernization of global financial infrastructure. Users looking to invest in Ripple can buy XRP.
The BNB Smart Chain (BSC) is a dynamic blockchain network crafted to support applications based on smart contracts. One key attribute is its ability to run concurrently with the BNB Chain, which offers users a dual advantage: the ability to handle a large volume of transactions and the sophisticated functionality of smart contracts. The network employs a unique consensus model known as proof-of-stake-authority (PoSA), enhancing its efficiency and security.
BSC has rapidly become a preferred choice in the blockchain community, known for its minimal transaction fees and superior performance. These features make it an attractive environment for developing decentralized applications (DApps) and various digital assets.
Protocolli crittografici a confronto
| Blockchain | Meccanismo di consenso | Moneta | TPS | Tipo di strato |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bitcoin | Prova di lavoro (PoW) | BTC | 7 | Strato-1 |
| Ethereum | Prova di interesse (PoS) | ETH | ~30 | Strato-1 |
| Cardano | Ouroboros (variante PoS) | ADA | ~250 | Strato-1 |
| Polkadot | Prova di interesse nominata (NPoS) | DOT | 1000+ | Strato-0 |
| Solana | Prova della storia (PoH) | SOL | ~65,000 | Strato-1 |
| Collegamento a catena | Rete di oracoli decentralizzata | LINK | Dipende da Ethereum | Strato-2 |
| Poligono | Prova di interesse (PoS) | MATIC | ~7,000 | Strato-2 |
| Ripple | Prova di interesse (PoS) | XRP | ~1,500 | Strato-1 |
| Catena intelligente BNB | Prova di Autorità di Interesse (PoSA) | BNB | ~100 | Strato-1 |
Cosa sono i protocolli blockchain?
I protocolli blockchain sono la spina dorsale delle criptovalute e garantiscono che tutte le transazioni siano sicure, trasparenti e immutabili, ovvero che non possano essere alterate o cancellate.
Quando parliamo di protocolli di criptovalute, ci riferiamo ai sistemi specifici che le diverse criptovalute, come Bitcoin o Ethereum, utilizzano per garantire che le loro reti funzionino in modo fluido e sicuro. Ogni criptovaluta ha il suo protocollo unico.
Icontratti intelligenti sono contratti auto-esecutivi con i termini dell’accordo tra acquirente e venditore scritti direttamente nelle righe di codice. I contratti intelligenti sono una caratteristica fondamentale di molti protocolli blockchain, che consentono transazioni e applicazioni più complesse.
Il modo più semplice per comprendere l’importanza e la portata di uno specifico protocollo di criptovaluta è quello di considerare il dominio della criptovaluta nativa. Ad esempio, per la blockchain Bitcoin, la criptovaluta che stiamo osservando è l’omonima, spesso abbreviata con il suo ticker, BTC.
A partire dal 29 marzo 2024, il Bitcoin, la prima blockchain e criptovaluta in assoluto, mantiene il suo dominio. Secondo CoinMarketCap, la posizione dominante del Bitcoin è del 51,53%. È la criptovaluta più scambiata, seguita da Ether (ETH) con il 16,38%.
I livelli della blockchain spiegati
Nell’ecosistema blockchain, diversi livelli possono aiutare a risolvere problemi diversi. Il livello 1 si riferisce all’architettura principale della blockchain (come la rete Bitcoin o Ethereum).
Queste blockchain possono congestionarsi con l’aumentare dell’utilizzo, causando problemi come la lentezza delle transazioni e le elevate commissioni di gas – il costo per completare una transazione o eseguire un contratto sulla rete Ethereum.
Le soluzioni di livello 2 affrontano questi problemi, lavorando sopra la blockchain di livello 1 per migliorare la scalabilità, ossia la capacità della rete di gestire un numero maggiore di transazioni in modo rapido ed economico. Le soluzioni di livello 2 elaborano le transazioni separatamente e poi le registrano sulla blockchain principale, riducendo il carico e, di conseguenza, le tariffe del gas.
Le catene Layer-0 combinano tecnologie e protocolli che sono alla base dell’ecosistema blockchain. Il livello include protocolli di rete, hardware e altri elementi.
Interested in L2s? Check our guide to the top layer-2 projects in 2024.
Meccanismi di consenso
Le transazioni vengono verificate su una blockchain attraverso un algoritmo di consenso. I tipi più comuni sono proof-of-work (PoW) e proof-of-stake (PoS).
Il proof-of-work, utilizzato dalla rete Bitcoin, prevede il crypto mining. Durante il processo di crypto mining, i minatori risolvono complessi problemi matematici per convalidare le transazioni. Questo processo consuma molta energia. D’altra parte, il proof-of-stake (PoS) è un metodo più efficiente dal punto di vista energetico. In questo caso, i convalidatori vengono selezionati in base alla quantità di criptovaluta che possiedono e che sono disposti a mettere in interesse o a bloccare come forma di sicurezza.
Il rapporto tra blockchain e criptovalute
Le criptovalute sono principalmente monete o token digitali che operano all’interno delle reti blockchain. Nei sistemi blockchain come la rete Bitcoin, le criptovalute sono essenziali per compensare i partecipanti che mantengono la rete, noti come minatori. Questi minatori utilizzano la loro potenza di calcolo per convalidare le transazioni e aggiungere nuovi blocchi alla blockchain. In cambio dei loro sforzi, vengono ricompensati con criptovalute.
Similmente, nelle blockchain che utilizzano un meccanismo di consenso proof-of-stake (PoS), i partecipanti, spesso chiamati stakers, bloccano una certa quantità di criptovaluta come interesse nella rete. Vengono quindi selezionati per convalidare le transazioni e creare nuovi blocchi in base alla quantità di criptovaluta che possiedono e che sono disposti a mettere in interesse. Questo metodo non solo mette in sicurezza la rete ed elabora le transazioni, mapremia anchecoloro che partecipano al mantenimento dell’integrità della blockchain.
Protocolli di criptovaluta: Non sono fatti allo stesso modo
I protocolli blockchain sono le regole per la gestione dei dati sulle reti blockchain. Ognuno di essi è diverso e vengono utilizzati vari algoritmi e metodi per mantenere i dati sicuri, trasparenti e aggiornati. Tuttavia, questi protocolli sono accomunati dal fatto che molti utilizzano una criptovaluta nativa: una moneta o un token che alimenta l’ecosistema.
Gli utenti che desiderano investire nelle criptovalute native dei principali protocolli blockchain devono ricordare che gli asset decentralizzati possono essere volatili. Scegliete sempre una piattaforma sicura e protetta per condurre le transazioni e un portafoglio di criptovalute affidabile per conservare i vostri asset. Non investite mai più di quanto potete permettervi di perdere.
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